When to wear compression socks

Compression socks are considered generally safe to wear and may increase your energy and comfort.

If you think you're hearing more about compression socks these days, you're right, as they have been around for decades. But in recent years, the market for compression socks has taken off thanks to travelers, athletes, pregnant people and others who have discovered the benefits of wearing them.

If you are wondering when to wear compression socks and what benefits they might offer, here's what you should know:

How do compression socks work?

Compression socks are designed to improve blood circulation by applying pressure to move blood up the legs and toward the heart. They come in different pressure levels, from light (less than 20 mmHg) to firm (40 or 50 mmHg). The amount of pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, which is the same measurement used in blood pressure.

Most compression socks are designed with graduated compression, with the tightest portion around the ankles and less pressure higher up the leg. This helps push blood up the leg. It can also help prevent fluid from collecting around the ankles, which can happen during pregnancy and with other conditions that may affect blood flow. Wearing compression socks can help prevent leg swelling and may also help prevent blood clots.

When to wear compression socks

Doctors often recommend compression socks post-surgery for people with varicose veins, spider veins, diabetes, lymphedema or chronic venous insufficiency.

For most of these conditions, doctors recommend putting on compression socks in the morning, before getting out of bed, and wearing them most of the day. They are especially helpful for people who sit for long periods or are on their feet all day. For most people, there is no benefit to wearing compression socks while sleeping.

Here are some situations when wearing compression socks can benefit you:

After surgery

Your doctor may recommend compression socks after surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots, especially if you will be in bed for a long time.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins are swollen veins that usually form in the legs. They can cause swelling, itching, aching and a heavy feeling. Wearing compression socks can help relieve some of the swelling and heaviness, especially when you are on your feet all day.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy can cause leg swelling and varicose veins and increase the risk of blood clots, especially in the last trimester. A recent study showed that, along with leg elevation, wearing compression socks helped reduce leg swelling, increase blood flow and decrease the risk of deep vein thrombosis (blood clots) in late pregnancy.

Long-distance travel

Hours of sitting in a car, bus or airplane can increase the risk of blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT) or lungs (pulmonary embolism). Both conditions are medical emergencies. While these conditions happen only rarely, some risk factors can increase your chances, including:

• Age 40 or older
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Personal or family history of blood clots
• Recent pregnancy
• Estrogen use
• Undergoing cancer treatment

During sports

Some studies show that wearing compression socks during sports like running, cycling and basketball may improve blood flow and the delivery of oxygen to muscles in the legs. This can increase performance as well as reduce sore muscles and speed recovery. Athletes looking for an edge — or hoping to bounce back faster after a big effort — may choose to wear compression socks while playing sports.

Are compression socks safe to wear?

Compression socks are considered generally safe to wear and may increase your energy and comfort in a variety of situations. With several pressures and lengths available, as well as footless options, it's easy to find compression socks that meet your needs and comfort level. Sometimes, insurance may cover the cost of medically prescribed compression socks.

Here are some tips for choosing the right socks for you:

• Consult your doctor: If you are choosing to wear compression socks for health reasons, ask what pressure is right for you and your condition.
• Make sure they fit properly: If you choose a pair with too much pressure, the socks will be uncomfortable. If you choose a pair with too little, you won't get the benefits. If you gain or lose weight, you may need a different size. Knee-length socks should not come all the way up to the knee bend. If they are too long, causing the tops to roll down, the socks can act as a tourniquet and cut off circulation. For best results, talk to your healthcare provider or get fitted at a supply store.
• Be careful putting them on: Compression socks fit tightly and can be difficult to put on correctly. Putting powder or lotion on your legs beforehand can help. Before putting on the sock, roll it up from the top to the toe, fit it over your foot, then unroll it up and over your leg. Make sure the sock is smooth and not bunched up.
• Keep them clean: In some cases, compression socks can cause skin irritation or chafing. Handwashing the socks after each use will keep them clean and maintain the integrity of the fabric longer. You might want to have at least two pairs so you can wash one and wear the other. They may need to be replaced after numerous washings.

If you think that compression socks may benefit you, talk to your doctor. They can talk through options and help you decide if compression socks are a good choice.